Background
Luspatercept (ACE-536) is a recombinant modified ActRIIB fusion protein that binds with transforming growth factor β superfamily ligands. Luspatercept increases the erythrocyte numbers and promotes maturation of erythroid precursors. Luspatercept binds with GDF11 and inhibits Smad2/3 signaling. Luspatercept can be used for the research of anemia.• GDF11: An emerging therapeutic target for liver diseases and fibrosis., PMID:38494851• Neonatal Systemic AAV-Mediated Gene Delivery of GDF11 Inhibits Skeletal Muscle Growth., PMID:29503194• GDF11/BMP11 activates both smad1/5/8 and smad2/3 signals but shows no significant effect on proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells., PMID:26919250• GDF11 rapidly increases lipid accumulation in liver cancer cells through ALK5-dependent signaling., PMID:33684566• Regulation of anterior/posterior patterning of the axial skeleton by growth/differentiation factor 11., PMID:10391213• Induction of reparative dentin formation by ultrasound-mediated gene delivery of growth/differentiation factor 11., PMID:12718768